Equivalents of gerund are in Russian translation

The theme of the course paper is analysis of Russian equivalents of the gerund.One can see a big difference between the gerund and Russian equivalents.Section IV. Comparison of the English gerund and its equivalents in Russian.Section 4 Comparison of the English gerund and its equivalents in Russian.There aren’t any gerunds in the Russian language.I’ll try to show this difficulty of translation in Russian.The Russian не + деепричастие may correspond to the English without + Gerund or not + Participle.There is no gerund in Russian and, maybe, it was case for the translator to say like that.The aim of my paper was the analysis and translation of gerunds.In this function the gerund is always preceded by a preposition.